天津消防研究所 — a comprehensive fire research institution founded in 1965 and directly under the Ministry of Emergency Management since the 2018 reorganisation that moved fire product certification out of the Ministry of Public Security. Its work spans fire science research, the development of fire technology and equipment, and fire product inspection and certification — the testing side of the compulsory CCCF mark that any fire product sold in China has to carry. State ownership; testing and certification are sold to manufacturers on the open market, which is why it is listed here after being excluded from the earlier Chinese passes.